Vitis vinifera L. / Vitis spp.
VitaceaeThe cultivation of the vine, made apparently for the first time in Asia Minor, is lost in the dawn of history. The vine is an attribute of Bacchus, god of wine, and his followers, the Maenads. In the Bacchanalia participants girded their heads with a crown of vine leaves. The plant and its fruit, often mentioned in the Scriptures, are generally considered a symbol of Christ and His sacrifice. This interpretation is based on the well-known passage from the Gospel of John where Jesus himself says: I am the true life. The Andalusian agronomist Ibn Luyun recommends surrounding the estate with vineyards, and in the walks that pass through it to plant grape vines, which also provide a nice shade. The garden should be snug by one of these promenades in order to separate it from the rest of the field. Therefore, contrary to what one might think given the Islamic prescriptions, the grape vine was cultivated by medieval Muslims of al-Andalus: Granada's famous carmen, the courtyards and private gardens that characterize the Albaicín, derived from the word karm, literally 'land cultivated with vines.' The vine grape shape appears on the renovations taking place at the Alcázar gardens during the reigns of Philip II and Philip III. Thus, specimens are planted in the gardens of Troy and Alcubilla, also in the Room of the Sun. The cultivation of the vine represents a cultural continuity in Spain that will traces back at least since Roman times, passing by the Arabs and the Hispanic Habsburg monarchy, reaching the present.