Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck
RutaceaeThe Portuguese Vasco de Gama, once he found in the late fifteenth century the way from South Africa to reach the Indies, Asia, he helped to bring and acclimate in Europe the first selected varieties of sweet orange. It was the Spanish colonizers who planted the first oranges, lemons and other citrus fruits on American soil. The journey of a genus of trees such as citrus is hence finished, and we see them today all around the world, a journey that began in Asia and spread to the West through the mediation of the Arabs, so after the arrival of Christopher Columbus to America they also adapted to the New World. In the gardens of the Real Alcázar there are also some sweet oranges. However it wasn’t this modality the one the English preferred but the bitter. Some famous people helped to make their consumption fashionable: such is the case of the Duke of Wellington, the British general who fought alongside the Spaniards in the War of the Independence against Napoleon's troops, who during his stay in Seville tried jam produced by oranges orchards of the Real Alcázar. Nevertheless, the Scots of the Shipping company MacAndrew were the ones who organized the export of bitter orange to the north of England, taking advantage of the transport of minerals extracted by the English in Rio Tinto mines, Huelva. The product was widely used since it was designed for workers or low class people; from then on it became one of the essential elements of traditional English breakfast.