According to Dioscorides, Turkish gave the fruits of the horse-chesnut to their old horses in order to calm their cough and relieve them from asthma. Somehow, the etymology of the scientific name refers to this legend: hippos, 'the horse', and castanea, derived from the Greek 'chesnut'. Literally, hence 'horse chesnut'. It is a large tree that comes from the Caucasus and the Indo-Iranian region, the territories where the Turks transited precisely before settling in Anatolia, now Turkey. Its fruit, the horse chesnut, is edible for horses but not for humans. However, their resemblance to oak acorns explains the generic name Aesculus, the Latin name for oak, and so noted Pliny the Elder in his Natural History (first century AD.) With the statement that is one of the trees that produce acorns. The encyclopedic description of the world, its people and customs, but also of animals and plants, which makes Pliny is based on multiple written sources and varied oral testimonies rather than in findings made from experience. This vision of the world that makes the Roman scholar will be believed and will remain largely unquestioned in Europe until practically the discovery of the New World. In this key episode in world history to redefine the planet, Sevilla will play a major role.