Phoenix dactylifera L.
ArecaceaeIt is said that the generic name Phoenix comes from the date palms known by classics that came from Syria, the country of Phoenicians; others say that in Greek it means dark red, which alludes to the color of ripe fruit; in any case that was the Latin name of the tree. The palm, from Africa and the Middle East, thanks to the harmonious arrangement of its leaves, like rays, has been associated since ancient times to the myth of the Sun, evoking images of glory and immortality to ancient civilizations like Egyptian or Roman. It is also the picture of an oasis, it is a plant that has been a fundamental element in Muslim culture and economy: date provides food, fiber sheets for construction and rope work are obtained, and the sap provides a sugary liquid, palm honey, highly esteemed by the inhabitants of the desert. In the koranic descriptions of paradise appears, in fact, the palm as part of it. Abd al-Rahman, independent emir of al-Andalus, as if this were a new paradise on earth, planted in Córdoba the first palm tree in the West to remember his homeland, Syria, where this plant grew naturally: the Arabs in Spain widely cultivated the palm trees, like the large palm grove in Elche. Pollen analysis of the courtyard of the House of Trade in Seville, which results collected Rafael Manzano, says more than a hint of pollen remains of date palm, so that it may have already been a common ornamental cultivation of this plant in the Islamic period, thereby disproving the theory that suggests its presence in the Alcázar as a result of the romantic orientalist fashion in the second half of the nineteenth century, initiated by the Dukes of Montpensier.