Ficus carica L.
MoraceaeOne of the oldest fruit trees, the fig tree was already known and cultivated by the people of the Middle East: an Egyptian painting over 4500 years old, in Beni Hassan, shows a collection of their nutritional and digestive fruits, the figs. These also appear in the Old Testament as a sign of wealth in the Promised Land. According to the Genesis account of Adam and Eve, after eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge, they covered themselves with fig leaves. The name ficus comes from the ancient Latin name with which the Romans designated this tree. The word carica refers to an area called Caria in Asia Minor, from where the best and most famous figs that were consumed in ancient Rome. A positive value of fertility and welfare was then attributed to the plant as the tree of the origins of this culture: the basket in which the founders of the city, Romulus and Remus, were abandoned on the Tiber miraculously stopped under a wild fig. It was very abundant in mixed crops with olive trees in the Aljarafe during the Andalusian era, where the agronomist and scholar Ibn al-'Awwam had, around 1200 AD, his experimentation garden.